OntoDesire
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OntoDesire

This version:
https://w3id.org/ontodesire/0.3.0
Revision:
0.3.0
Source:
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/desire/
Download serialization:
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License:
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Cite as:
OntoDesire. Revision: 0.3.0. Retrieved from: https://w3id.org/ontodesire/0.3.0
Provenance of this page
Ontology Specification Draft

OntoDesire: Overview back to ToC

This ontology has the following classes and properties.

Classes

Object Properties

Data Properties

Annotation Properties

Named Individuals

OntoDesire: Description back to ToC

For declaring commitments only, import alone.

Cross-reference for OntoDesire classes, object properties and data properties back to ToC

This section provides details for each class and property defined by OntoDesire.

Classes

appearance of goodc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#AppearanceOfGood

has super-classes
mental state c

bearerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#Bearer

An agent -- an organism or an artificial system -- capable of instantiating mental states. Restricting bearers to organisms would itself be a theoretical commitment, negated by the BDI agent-modelling use cases that motivate this resource.
has sub-classes
human c, non-human animal c
is in range of
has bearer op
is disjoint with
intentional content c, mental state c

beliefc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#Belief

has super-classes
mental state c
has sub-classes
belief in the good c

belief in the goodc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#BeliefInTheGood

has super-classes
belief c

besirec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#Besire

Hybrid state posited as having both belief-like and desire-like directions of fit.
has super-classes
mental state c

caringc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#Caring

has super-classes
pro attitude c

conditional desirec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#ConditionalDesire

has super-classes
desire c

cravingc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#Craving

has super-classes
pro attitude c

desirec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#Desire

A conative mental state whose content specifies a satisfaction condition to be realized in the world. Deliberately underdetermined: the essential nature of desire is what the reified theories in this ontology disagree about.
is equivalent to
occurrent desire c or standing desire c
has super-classes
pro attitude c
has sub-classes
conditional desire c, desire for a state of affairs c, desire for an object c, first-order desire c, instrumental desire c, intrinsic desire c, occurrent desire c, realizer desire c, second-order desire c, standing desire c
is in domain of
has as object (a lower-order attitude) op, has strength op, is conscious dp, is innate dp, is means to op, stronger than op
is in range of
is means to op, stronger than op

desire for a state of affairsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#StateOfAffairsDesire

has super-classes
desire c
has members
Nora's desire for tea ni
is disjoint with
desire for an object c

desire for an objectc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#ObjectDesire

has super-classes
desire c
is disjoint with
desire for a state of affairs c

desire strengthc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#DesireStrength

A continuous magnitude, canonically characterized by causal power over the control of action; each theory of desire induces its own corresponding metric.
is in domain of
strength degree dp
is in range of
has strength op
has members
noras Tea Desire Strength ni

direction of fitc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#DirectionOfFit

is in range of
has direction of fit op
has members
mind-to-world ni, world-to-mind ni

displeasurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#Displeasure

has super-classes
mental state c

first-order desirec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#FirstOrderDesire

A desire whose object is not itself a pro-attitude of the same bearer; carried by the absence of hasObjectAttitude (see module comment).
has super-classes
desire c
has members
Nora's desire for tea ni
is disjoint with
second-order desire c

goalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#Goal

has super-classes
pro attitude c

holistic theoryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#HolisticTheory

Refuses to privilege any mark; having a desire is exhibiting enough (a vague threshold) of the whole set.
is equivalent to
Theory Of Desire c and (identifies desire with op min 2 characteristic mark of desire c)
has super-classes
Theory Of Desire c
has members
Davidsonian interpretationism ni, Lewisian functionalism ni, caring theory ni

humanc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#Human

has super-classes
bearer c
has members
Nora ni

inclinationc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#Inclination

has super-classes
pro attitude c

instrumental desirec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#InstrumentalDesire

has super-classes
desire c
has sub-classes
merely instrumental desire c

intentionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#Intention

has super-classes
mental state c

intentional contentc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#Content

has sub-classes
object (as content) c, state of affairs c
is in range of
has content op
is disjoint with
bearer c, mental state c

intrinsic desirec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#IntrinsicDesire

A desire whose object is wanted at least partly for its own sake.
has super-classes
desire c
is in range of
realizes op
has members
Nora's standing desire to try new teas ni
is disjoint with
merely instrumental desire c

mental statec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#MentalState

has sub-classes
appearance of good c, belief c, besire c, displeasure c, intention c, pleasure c, pro attitude c
is in domain of
has bearer op, has content op, has direction of fit op
is disjoint with
bearer c, intentional content c

merely instrumental desirec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#MerelyInstrumentalDesire

Desired only as a means, in no measure for its own sake. This is the usual reinforced sense of 'instrumental'.
has super-classes
instrumental desire c
is disjoint with
intrinsic desire c

monofactorial theoryc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#MonofactorialTheory

Privileges exactly one characteristic mark as essential to desire.
is equivalent to
Theory Of Desire c and (identifies desire with op exactly 1 characteristic mark of desire c)
has super-classes
Theory Of Desire c
has members
desire as belief in the good ni, desire as perception of the good ni, directed-attention theory ni, hedonic dispositional theory ni, hedonic neural-identity theory ni, reward-learning theory ni, simple action-dispositional theory ni, sophisticated action-dispositional theory ni, teleofunctional action theory ni

neural realizerc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#NeuralRealizer

is in range of
locates desire in op
has members
dopaminergic reward system ni

non-human animalc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#NonHumanAnimal

has super-classes
bearer c

object (as content)c back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#ObjectContentItem

has super-classes
intentional content c

occurrent desirec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#OccurrentDesire

A desire playing some role in the psyche at the moment — not necessarily in control of action, nor necessarily conscious.
has super-classes
desire c
has members
Nora's desire for tea ni
is disjoint with
standing desire c

origin mechanismc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#OriginMechanism

has members
acquisition via reasoning about one's rationality ni, acquisition via reward-based associative learning ni, innate endowment ni, means-end reasoning ni

partition criterionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#PartitionCriterion

has members
by content kind ni, by justificatory structure ni, by mode of manifestation ni, by order ni

philosopherc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#Philosopher

has super-classes
Person c
is in range of
anticipated by op, attributed to op, defended by op, raised by op
has members
Agnieszka Jaworska ni, Alex Gregory ni, Carolyn Morillo ni, David Lewis ni, David Papineau ni, Dennis Stampe ni, Donald Davidson ni, Elizabeth Anscombe ni, Fred Dretske ni, G F Schueler ni, Galen Strawson ni, Graham Oddie ni, Harry Frankfurt ni, John Mc Dowell ni, Michael Smith ni, Ruth Millikan ni, Socrates ni, T M Scanlon ni, Timothy Schroeder ni

pleasurec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#Pleasure

has super-classes
mental state c

preferencec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#Preference

has super-classes
pro attitude c

pro attitudec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#ProAttitude

The umbrella under which cognate conative states are grouped; whether they constitute one mental state or many is disputed.
has super-classes
mental state c
has sub-classes
caring c, craving c, desire c, goal c, inclination c, preference c, purpose c, wish c
is in domain of
is satisfied dp, is satisfied by op
is in range of
has as object (a lower-order attitude) op

propositionc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#Proposition

has super-classes
state of affairs c
has members
Nora drinks a cup of tea soon ni, Nora tries teas she has not tried before ni

purposec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#Purpose

has super-classes
pro attitude c

realizer desirec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#RealizerDesire

A desire for an end that would count as one possible realization of an intrinsic desire — a realization relation, not a means-end relation.
has super-classes
desire c
is in domain of
realizes op

second-order desirec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#SecondOrderDesire

has super-classes
desire c
is disjoint with
first-order desire c

standing desirec back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#StandingDesire

A desire playing no role in the psyche at the moment.
has super-classes
desire c
has members
Nora's standing desire to try new teas ni
is disjoint with
occurrent desire c

state of affairsc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#StateOfAffairs

has super-classes
intentional content c
has sub-classes
proposition c
is in range of
is satisfied by op

wishc back to ToC or Class ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#Wish

has super-classes
pro attitude c

Object Properties

answers objectionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#answersObjection

has range
objection c

anticipated byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#anticipatedBy

has range
philosopher c

attributed toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#attributedTo

has range
philosopher c

belongs to familyop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#belongsToFamily

has domain
Theory Of Desire c
has range
Theory Family c

defended byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#defendedBy

has range
philosopher c

has as object (a lower-order attitude)op back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#hasObjectAttitude

has characteristics: irreflexive

has domain
desire c
has range
pro attitude c

has bearerop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#hasBearer

has domain
mental state c
has range
bearer c

has contentop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#hasContent

has domain
mental state c
has range
intentional content c

has direction of fitop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#hasDirectionOfFit

has domain
mental state c
has range
direction of fit c

has strengthop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#hasStrength

has domain
desire c
has range
desire strength c

identifies desire withop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#identifiesDesireWith

has domain
Theory Of Desire c
has range
characteristic mark of desire c

implies ontological categoryop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#impliesCategory

Relates a theory to the ontological category that desire would fall under if the theory were true. The theories disagree about category, not only about essence.
has domain
Theory Of Desire c
has range
Categorial Stance c

is means toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#isMeansTo

has characteristics: transitive

has domain
desire c
has range
desire c

is satisfied byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#isSatisfiedBy

has domain
pro attitude c
has range
state of affairs c

locates desire inop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#locatesDesireIn

has domain
Theory Of Desire c
has range
neural realizer c

preferred toop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#preferredTo

raised byop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#raisedBy

has domain
objection c
has range
philosopher c

realizesop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#realizes

has characteristics: irreflexive

has domain
realizer desire c
has range
intrinsic desire c

stronger thanop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#strongerThan

D1 is stronger than D2 iff the agent is disposed to act on D1 when: all else is equal, each desire is believed satisfiable by a distinct action, and they are believed not jointly satisfiable.

has characteristics: transitive

has domain
desire c
has range
desire c

suffers objectionop back to ToC or Object Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#suffersObjection

has range
objection c

Data Properties

is consciousdp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#isConscious

has domain
desire c
has range
boolean

is innatedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#isInnate

has domain
desire c
has range
boolean

is satisfieddp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#isSatisfied

has domain
pro attitude c
has range
boolean

strength degreedp back to ToC or Data Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#strengthDegree

has domain
desire strength c
has range
decimal

Annotation Properties

alt Labelap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel

commitment Evidenceap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#commitmentEvidence

commitment Noteap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#commitmentNote

commits To Structural Stanceap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#commitsToStructuralStance

definitionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#definition

deliberately Uncommitted Onap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#deliberatelyUncommittedOn

descriptionap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/description

generatesap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#generates

licenseap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/license

nameap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name

noteap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note

partitioned byap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#partitionedBy

Annotates a subclass of Desire with the orthogonal criterion that generates it, so that the four facets are not mistaken for a single tree.

scope Noteap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#scopeNote

sourceap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/source

titleap back to ToC or Annotation Property ToC

IRI: http://purl.org/dc/terms/title

Named Individuals

a priori implausibility objectionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#AprioriImplausibilityObjection

The theory admits desire in a creature incapable of acting or feeling, provided it represents and learns appropriately.
belongs to
objection c
has facts
definition ap "The theory admits desire in a creature incapable of acting or feeling, provided it represents and learns appropriately."@en

acquisition via reasoning about one's rationalityni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#RationalityAcquisition

belongs to
origin mechanism c
has facts
defended by op Michael Smith ni
note ap "Believing that, were one rational, one would desire p tends to generate an intrinsic desire for p; breaks with the Humean dictum that beliefs do not dictate intrinsic desire."@en
generates ap intrinsic desire c

acquisition via reward-based associative learningni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#AssociativeLearningAcquisition

belongs to
origin mechanism c
has facts
defended by op Timothy Schroeder ni
note ap "States of affairs that presage the satisfaction of existing intrinsic desires become intrinsically desired themselves."@en
generates ap intrinsic desire c

Agnieszka Jaworskani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#AgnieszkaJaworska

belongs to
philosopher c
has facts
name ap "Agnieszka Jaworska"

Alex Gregoryni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#AlexGregory

belongs to
philosopher c
has facts
name ap "Alex Gregory"

behavioral tic objectionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#BehavioralTicObjection

The theory is too permissive: one who tends to stutter would count as desiring to stutter.
belongs to
objection c
has facts
definition ap "The theory is too permissive: one who tends to stutter would count as desiring to stutter."@en

by content kindni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#byContent

belongs to
partition criterion c

by justificatory structureni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#byJustificatoryStructure

belongs to
partition criterion c

by mode of manifestationni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#byManifestation

belongs to
partition criterion c

by orderni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#byOrder

belongs to
partition criterion c

capture of attention by information bearing on whether pni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#InformationAttention

belongs to
characteristic mark of desire c

Carolyn Morilloni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#CarolynMorillo

belongs to
philosopher c
has facts
name ap "Carolyn Morillo"

causal priority of desire over pleasureni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#CausalPriorityObjection

If desire satisfaction is the standard cause of pleasure, desire and pleasure are ontologically distinct as cause and effect.
belongs to
objection c
has facts
definition ap "If desire satisfaction is the standard cause of pleasure, desire and pleasure are ontologically distinct as cause and effect."@en

David Lewisni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#DavidLewis

belongs to
philosopher c
has facts
name ap "David Lewis"

David Papineauni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#DavidPapineau

belongs to
philosopher c
has facts
name ap "David Papineau"

Dennis Stampeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#DennisStampe

belongs to
philosopher c
has facts
name ap "Dennis Stampe"

desire as belief in the goodni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#DesireAsBeliefInGood

To desire p is to believe that p is good (or, in the contemporary variant, that one has normative reason to bring p about).
belongs to
monofactorial theory c
has facts
attributed to op Socrates ni
belongs to family op Good Based Family ni
defended by op Alex Gregory ni
identifies desire with op disposition to believe that p is good ni
implies ontological category op Doxastic State Category ni
suffers objection op non-human animal objection ni
suffers objection op Lewis's decision-theoretic objection ni
definition ap "To desire p is to believe that p is good (or, in the contemporary variant, that one has normative reason to bring p about)."@en
note ap "The attribution to Socrates is a classical antecedent (the Socratic thesis that we desire the good), not a formulation of the analysis; the analysis is actively defended in the contemporary literature (Gregory, Desire as Belief, OUP 2021)."@en

desire as perception of the goodni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#DesireAsPerceptionOfGood

To desire p is for p to appear good to the organism — a high-level perceptual state, distinct from judgment.
belongs to
monofactorial theory c
has facts
answers objection op Lewis's decision-theoretic objection ni
belongs to family op Good Based Family ni
defended by op Dennis Stampe ni
defended by op Graham Oddie ni
identifies desire with op disposition for p to appear good (perceptually or quasi-perceptually) ni
implies ontological category op Perceptual State Category ni
suffers objection op non-human animal objection ni
definition ap "To desire p is for p to appear good to the organism — a high-level perceptual state, distinct from judgment."@en

directed-attention theoryni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#DirectedAttention

To desire p is for the thought of p to keep occurring in a favourable light, with attention directed insistently toward considerations counting in favour of p.
belongs to
monofactorial theory c
has facts
belongs to family op Attention Based Family ni
defended by op T M Scanlon ni
identifies desire with op disposition to have attention drawn to reasons in favour of p ni
implies ontological category op Mental Process Category ni
suffers objection op narrow attentional focus objection ni
definition ap "To desire p is for the thought of p to keep occurring in a favourable light, with attention directed insistently toward considerations counting in favour of p."@en
note ap "Technically a sufficient condition rather than a full theory; fits occurrent desires best."@en

disposition for p to appear good (perceptually or quasi-perceptually)ni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#GoodAppearanceDisposition

belongs to
characteristic mark of desire c

disposition to believe that p is goodni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#GoodBeliefDisposition

belongs to
characteristic mark of desire c

disposition to have attention drawn to reasons in favour of pni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#ReasonsAttention

belongs to
characteristic mark of desire c

disposition to pleasure at its seeming that p, displeasure at its seeming that not-pni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#PleasureDisposition

belongs to
characteristic mark of desire c
has facts
note ap "Family-grain mark: the hedonic neural-identity theory reads it occurrently (desires ARE pleasure/reward episodes) rather than dispositionally, which is why the causal-priority objection targets only the dispositional variant. A dispositional/occurrent mark split, mirroring the good-based split, is a candidate refinement for the next version."@en

disposition to take the actions one believes conducive to pni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#ActionDisposition

belongs to
characteristic mark of desire c

Donald Davidsonni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#DonaldDavidson

belongs to
philosopher c
has facts
name ap "Donald Davidson"

dopaminergic reward systemni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#DopaminergicRewardSystem

belongs to
neural realizer c
has facts
note ap "Common cause of action, pleasure and aspects of thought. Dispute: Morillo takes it to realize pleasure; Schroeder, to be one of its normal causes, its output being reward learning (cf. Berridge and Robinson 1998)."@en

double fault objection (Stampe)ni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#DoubleFaultObjection

Believing that serving just so will cause a double fault can dispose one to serve just so, without one desiring to double fault.
belongs to
objection c
has facts
raised by op Dennis Stampe ni
definition ap "Believing that serving just so will cause a double fault can dispose one to serve just so, without one desiring to double fault."@en

Elizabeth Anscombeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#ElizabethAnscombe

belongs to
philosopher c
has facts
name ap "G. E. M. Anscombe"

Fred Dretskeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#FredDretske

belongs to
philosopher c
has facts
name ap "Fred Dretske"

G F Schuelerni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#GFSchueler

belongs to
philosopher c
has facts
name ap "G. F. Schueler"

Galen Strawsonni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#GalenStrawson

belongs to
philosopher c
has facts
name ap "Galen Strawson"

Graham Oddieni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#GrahamOddie

belongs to
philosopher c
has facts
name ap "Graham Oddie"

Harry Frankfurtni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#HarryFrankfurt

belongs to
philosopher c
has facts
name ap "Harry Frankfurt"

having the (biological) function of producing actionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#ActionProductionFunction

belongs to
characteristic mark of desire c

hedonic dispositional theoryni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#HedonicDispositional

To desire p is to be disposed to take pleasure in its seeming that p and displeasure in its seeming that not-p.
belongs to
monofactorial theory c
has facts
belongs to family op Pleasure Based Family ni
defended by op G F Schueler ni
defended by op Galen Strawson ni
identifies desire with op disposition to pleasure at its seeming that p, displeasure at its seeming that not-p ni
implies ontological category op Occurrent Feeling Category ni
suffers objection op causal priority of desire over pleasure ni
definition ap "To desire p is to be disposed to take pleasure in its seeming that p and displeasure in its seeming that not-p."@en

hedonic neural-identity theoryni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#HedonicNeural

Pleasure episodes are identical to reward-system activity, and that activity does the work of desire; so desires are pleasure episodes.
belongs to
monofactorial theory c
has facts
belongs to family op Pleasure Based Family ni
defended by op Carolyn Morillo ni
identifies desire with op disposition to pleasure at its seeming that p, displeasure at its seeming that not-p ni
implies ontological category op Occurrent Affective Episode Category ni
locates desire in op dopaminergic reward system ni
definition ap "Pleasure episodes are identical to reward-system activity, and that activity does the work of desire; so desires are pleasure episodes."@en

innate endowmentni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#InnateEndowment

belongs to
origin mechanism c
has facts
scope Note ap "The psychological hedonist holds there is a single, innate intrinsic desire: for pleasure."@en
generates ap intrinsic desire c

John Mc Dowellni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#JohnMcDowell

belongs to
philosopher c
has facts
name ap "John McDowell"

Lewis's decision-theoretic objectionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#LewisDecisionTheoreticObjection

The Desire-as-Belief thesis generates inconsistencies within decision theory, given the differences between rational belief revision and rational motivation revision.
belongs to
objection c
has facts
raised by op David Lewis ni
definition ap "The Desire-as-Belief thesis generates inconsistencies within decision theory, given the differences between rational belief revision and rational motivation revision."@en

means-end reasoningni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#MeansEndReasoning

belongs to
origin mechanism c
has facts
note ap "Largely uncontroversial; the derived desire's strength grows with the intrinsic desire's strength and the apparent usefulness of the means."@en
generates ap instrumental desire c
generates ap realizer desire c

Michael Smithni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#MichaelSmith

belongs to
philosopher c
has facts
name ap "Michael Smith"

mind-to-worldni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#MindToWorld

Analogous to the declarative sentence: satisfied if the state conforms to the world.
belongs to
direction of fit c
has facts
definition ap "Analogous to the declarative sentence: satisfied if the state conforms to the world."@en

motivating belief-in-good objectionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#MotivatingGoodBeliefObjection

Judgments of what is good or obligatory also dispose to action; action-based theories fail to distinguish desire from goodness judgment.
belongs to
objection c
has facts
raised by op John Mc Dowell ni
raised by op T M Scanlon ni
definition ap "Judgments of what is good or obligatory also dispose to action; action-based theories fail to distinguish desire from goodness judgment."@en

narrow attentional focus objectionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#NarrowAttentionObjection

Desire directs attention also to information about p, to opportunities to obtain it, and to those discussing p — not only to reasons in favour of p.
belongs to
objection c
has facts
definition ap "Desire directs attention also to information about p, to opportunities to obtain it, and to those discussing p — not only to reasons in favour of p."@en

non-human animal objectionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#AnimalObjection

Rats seem to desire without representing anything as good; if desire does not require representing the good in them, why in us?
belongs to
objection c
has facts
definition ap "Rats seem to desire without representing anything as good; if desire does not require representing the good in them, why in us?"@en

Norani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#Nora

belongs to
human c

Nora drinks a cup of tea soonni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#noraDrinksTeaSoon

belongs to
proposition c
has facts
scope Note ap "The disambiguation among possessing/drinking and soon/someday is what motivates treating desires as propositional attitudes."@en

Nora tries teas she has not tried beforeni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#noraTriesNewTeas

belongs to
proposition c

Nora's desire for teani back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#norasDesireForTea

belongs to
first-order desire c
occurrent desire c
desire for a state of affairs c
has facts
has bearer op Nora ni
has content op Nora drinks a cup of tea soon ni
has strength op noras Tea Desire Strength ni
is satisfied by op Nora drinks a cup of tea soon ni

Nora's standing desire to try new teasni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#norasStandingDesireForNewTeas

belongs to
intrinsic desire c
standing desire c
has facts
has bearer op Nora ni
has content op Nora tries teas she has not tried before ni
note ap "Example of the explanatory role of standing desires: explains why the new tin captures her attention and why she is delighted. No strength individual is asserted: under v0.3.0's max-1 axiom a desire need not carry a determinate cardinal strength."@en

noras Tea Desire Strengthni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#norasTeaDesireStrength

belongs to
desire strength c

reward-learning theoryni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#RewardLearningTheory

To desire p is to use representations of p to drive reward-based learning.
belongs to
monofactorial theory c
has facts
anticipated by op Fred Dretske ni
belongs to family op Learning Based Family ni
defended by op Timothy Schroeder ni
identifies desire with op use of representations of p to drive reward-based learning ni
implies ontological category op Learning Mechanism Category ni
locates desire in op dopaminergic reward system ni
suffers objection op a priori implausibility objection ni
definition ap "To desire p is to use representations of p to drive reward-based learning."@en
note ap "Treats desire as a natural kind; the least a priori credible of the listed theories."@en

Ruth Millikanni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#RuthMillikan

belongs to
philosopher c
has facts
name ap "Ruth Millikan"

simple action-dispositional theoryni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#SimpleActionDispositional

To desire p is to be disposed to act so as to bring about p.
belongs to
monofactorial theory c
has facts
belongs to family op Action Based Family ni
identifies desire with op disposition to take the actions one believes conducive to p ni
implies ontological category op Disposition Category ni
suffers objection op behavioral tic objection ni
definition ap "To desire p is to be disposed to act so as to bring about p."@en

Socratesni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#Socrates

belongs to
philosopher c
has facts
name ap "Socrates"

sophisticated action-dispositional theoryni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#SophisticatedActionDispositional

To desire p is to be disposed to take whatever actions one believes are likely to bring about p.
belongs to
monofactorial theory c
has facts
belongs to family op Action Based Family ni
defended by op Michael Smith ni
identifies desire with op disposition to take the actions one believes conducive to p ni
implies ontological category op Disposition Category ni
suffers objection op double fault objection (Stampe) ni
suffers objection op motivating belief-in-good objection ni
suffers objection op unactionable desires objection ni
definition ap "To desire p is to be disposed to take whatever actions one believes are likely to bring about p."@en

T M Scanlonni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#TMScanlon

belongs to
philosopher c
has facts
name ap "T. M. Scanlon"

teleofunctional action theoryni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#Teleofunctional

Desires are states whose function is to produce actions, whether or not they actually dispose the agent.
belongs to
monofactorial theory c
has facts
answers objection op double fault objection (Stampe) ni
belongs to family op Action Based Family ni
defended by op David Papineau ni
defended by op Ruth Millikan ni
identifies desire with op having the (biological) function of producing action ni
implies ontological category op Biological Function Category ni
suffers objection op motivating belief-in-good objection ni
definition ap "Desires are states whose function is to produce actions, whether or not they actually dispose the agent."@en

Timothy Schroederni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#TimothySchroeder

belongs to
philosopher c
has facts
name ap "Timothy Schroeder"

unactionable desires objectionni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#UnactionableDesiresObjection

Too restrictive: desiring that pi be rational, or never to have been born, does not seem to exist in virtue of dispositions to act.
belongs to
objection c
has facts
definition ap "Too restrictive: desiring that pi be rational, or never to have been born, does not seem to exist in virtue of dispositions to act."@en

use of representations of p to drive reward-based learningni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#RewardLearningDrive

belongs to
characteristic mark of desire c

world-to-mindni back to ToC or Named Individual ToC

IRI: https://w3id.org/ontodesire#WorldToMind

Analogous to the imperative sentence: satisfied if the world comes to conform to the state.
belongs to
direction of fit c
has facts
definition ap "Analogous to the imperative sentence: satisfied if the world comes to conform to the state."@en

Legend back to ToC

c: Classes
op: Object Properties
dp: Data Properties
ni: Named Individuals

Acknowledgments back to ToC

The authors would like to thank Silvio Peroni for developing LODE, a Live OWL Documentation Environment, which is used for representing the Cross Referencing Section of this document and Daniel Garijo for developing Widoco, the program used to create the template used in this documentation.